http://hdl.handle.net/1893/204 This community contains the ePrints and eTheses produced by the Faculty's staff and students. 2026-10-17T08:50:11Z http://hdl.handle.net/1893/38400 Title: Reflective Cycles of Learning: Methods of Measuring, Monitoring, and Evaluation Within Sport-for-Development Author(s): Walker, Ross Abstract: This article explores how community sport teams intentionally strive to improve members’ emotional wellbeing through evaluative practices. The findings reveal that evaluative systems sustainability relies on democratic, deliberate, and participative processes prioritizing connection and relationship building across organizational ecosystems. Systems must be delivered in alignment with participants’ individual and collective needs. Within, evaluation practices require holistic approaches involving short- and long-term reflective cycles of learning which use participant information to develop intentional, person-centered, tailored practices to address people’s needs. Results necessitate shifting from traditional short-term focuses of programs toward recognizing that interventions require ongoing commitments throughout people’s life cycle. 2026-07-21T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/1893/38395 Title: Adolescent use of nicotine pouches in four Latin American countries: A cross-sectional survey Author(s): Alexandrou, Georgia; Moodie, Crawford; Best, Catherine; Barrientos-Gutierrez, Inti; Miguel Aguilar, Carlos; Palacios, Mariel; F Thrasher, James Abstract: Background and Aim: Nicotine pouches are novel products with rapid global sales growth. Our aim was to explore use and perceptions of nicotine pouches among adolescents in Latin America. Design: Cross-sectional school surveys between March and August 2025. Setting: Sixteen cities, four each in Argentina, Guatemala, Mexico and Peru. Participants: Adolescents aged 12-17 years (n=12,785). Measurements: Use of, and susceptibility to, nicotine pouches, through survey questions about frequency of use, brands and flavours used, access, and harm compared to cigarettes and e-cigarettes. Results: Self-reported ever use was 6.0%, highest in Peru (9.1%) and lowest in Argentina (3.2%). Ever use was higher among males, those with higher family affluence scores, and those who had ever vaped or smoked tobacco. The rate of current (past 30 day) nicotine pouch use was 2.4%. Those reporting current use typically used pouches infrequently (1-3 days in the last month). The most commonly used brands were Velo (24.4%) and Zyn (18.1%), with pouches most likely to be given to them by someone (26.3%) or giving someone else money to buy them (15.8%). Fruit (20.3%) and mint/menthol (17.3%) were the most common flavours reported. More than one-third of the sample indicated that nicotine pouches were more harmful (somewhat/a lot) than cigarettes (38.7%) and e-cigarettes (36.7%). Summary: Nicotine pouch use among adolescents in four Latin American countries appears to be relatively uncommon but higher than in previous youth surveys. Access to nicotine pouches appears to be largely informal, fruit and mint/menthol flavours are most common, and many adolescents appear uncertain about harm compared with cigarettes and e-cigarettes. 2026-10-04T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/1893/38374 Title: Sociodemographic, health and criminological risk factors for post-imprisonment mental health and substance use-related service contacts: A nationwide retrospective cohort study using linked data (RELEASE) Author(s): Kjellgren, Richard; Savinc, Jan; Dougall, Nadine; Watson, Jim; Brown, Ashley; Parkes, Tessa; Kurdi, Amanj; Leyland, Alastair; Haddow, Christine; Hunt, Kate; Connell, Catriona Abstract: Purpose To quantify differences in health service (community, unscheduled/emergency, inpatient) contact for mental health and substance use pre and post-release from prison, and explore variations between subgroups based on sociodemographic, health and criminological risk factors. Methods We conducted a nationwide retrospective cohort study of mental health and substance use-related health service contacts for everyone released from a Scottish prison in 2015. A whole-systems approach utilising linked administrative health and prison data was used to assess contacts over a four-year follow-up period, across nine health services spanning community, unscheduled/emergency, and inpatient care. The analysis is focused on subgroup variations among people released from prison; we have previously reported findings from a matched population comparison elsewhere [1]. Incidence rate ratios, using person-years of time-in-community as a denominator, with 95% confidence intervals, were estimated to compare community contacts prior to, and following, the 2015 index release. Multivariable negative binomial models were fitted for each service to explore subgroup variation. Results Contact incidence rates increased in the follow-up period in four out of nine services compared to the four years prior. Sociodemographic, health and criminological risk factors contribute to variability, and demonstrate complex patterning, across the nine services. The number of pre-index prison episodes, time spent in prison, and circumstances of index release (e.g., supervision, probation) were independently associated with post-imprisonment contacts. Conclusion Cumulative time in prison and repeated short-term imprisonment, and circumstances of release, contribute to different experiences upon release and variations in post-imprisonment health service contacts for mental health and substance use. Health and criminal justice policymakers must consider how imprisonment and release may exacerbate health needs and service demands, and ensure harms of imprisonment are minimised. 2026-09-19T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/1893/38370 Title: Vaping During Pregnancy and Maternal, Fetal, and Infant Health Outcomes: A Scoping Review of Human and Animal Studies Author(s): Fielder, Stella; Barnes, Chloe; Ormesher, Laura; Arrowsmith, Sarah; Junejo, Rehan; Ussher, Michael; Heazell, Alexander Abstract: The prevalence of vaping, defined as the use of e-cigarettes, during pregnancy is increasing, but its effects on maternal, fetal, and infant health remain incompletely understood. Human studies are heterogeneous and largely observational with a primary focus on neonatal and infant outcomes and limited assessment of maternal physiology. In contrast, pre-clinical animal studies suggest potential biological effects across maternal vascular, respiratory, metabolic, and neurodevelopmental systems. A comprehensive mapping of the existing evidence is therefore needed to characterise the scope of research to date and identify key gaps in the literature.