A mixed methods perspective on the health and wellbeing benefits associated with inland blue space exposure

Abstract

In response to rising demand for complex health services, there is a need to devise sustainable strategies to improve public health outcomes and alleviate the intense pressure faced by health systems. Encouraging access to natural environments is one health pathway that has received increasing attention in recent years. The fundamental importance of accessing inland blue spaces, such as wetlands, rivers and lakes, for agricultural purposes and the provision of drinking water is well established. However, the potential for inland blue space exposure to influence public health and wellbeing outcomes remains under researched. In recognition of this key research gap, this thesis utilised novel mixed methods research approaches to provide a greater understanding of inland blue space exposure outcomes across varying timeframes for the Scottish adult population. The results presented demonstrate the significant value of inland blue spaces in terms of enabling leisure activities, encouraging relaxation, and facilitating connections with nature and the wider community. Analysis of solicited research diaries indicated that frequent inland blue space exposure positively influenced restorative health outcomes over three-month time periods. Qualitative interviews allowed individuals to reflect on their experiences of inland blue spaces in recent years, demonstrating the perceived benefits of accessing freshwater environments during times of uncertainty, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. National surveys further evidenced the value of these environments for the Scottish population and helped to clarify the specific environmental and social factors that influence people’s perceptions of these areas. The collective findings from the wide range of research methods used in the thesis highlights that inland blue spaces can support sustainable improvements to public health outcomes across the Scottish adult population. The thesis demonstrates the strong emotional connections individuals typically develop to familiar inland blue spaces and the significant range of positive health benefits afforded by such environments. To maintain this and recognise the role inland blue space plays in maintaining a healthy society, effective legislation should be introduced to preserve the unique character and quality of these environments.